1. Regarding Caisson’s disease which statement among the following is CORRECT?
A. Lung damage is caused by air embolism
B. Pain in the joints is due to nitrogen bubbles
C. Tremors are seen due to nitrogen narcosis
D. High pressure Nervous syndrome can be prevented by using mixtures of Oxygen & Helium
Answer: B
2. Preload measures?
A. End systolic volume
B. End diastolic volume
C. Peripheral resistance
D. Stroke volume
Answer: B
3. Central Chemoreceptors are most sensitive to following changes in blood:
A. TPCO2
B. I PCO2
C. TH+
D. T PO2
Answer: A
4. Which of the following statement is TRUE about Bohr’s effect?
A. Decreased affinity of Hb to 02 is associated with decreased pH & increased C02
B. Decreased affinity of Hb to 02 is associated with increased pH & decreased C02
C. Decreased affinity of Hb to 02 is associated with decreased pH & C02
D. Decreased affinity of Hb to 02 is associated with increased pH & C02
Answer: A
5. Glands are classified depending upon their mode of secretion. Sebaceous gland is an example of which of the following type of gland?
A. Eccrine
B. Apocrine
C. Holocrine
D. Paracrine
Answer: C
6. Ruffini end organ is associated with sensation of:
A. Sustained Pressure
B. Heat
C. Touch
D. None of the above
Answer: A
7. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure is increased by all of the followingsubstances, EXCEPT:
A. Gastrin
B. Vasopressin
C. Glucagon
D. Secretin
Answer: D
8. Colipase is:
A. Is secreted by Oxyntic cells
B. Is secreted in the active form
C. Helps gastric lipase
D. Encoded by the gene CLPS
Answer: D
9. Iron absorption is increased by the following factor in diet:
A. Vitamin-C
B. Phytic acid
C. Fibre diet
D. Phosphates
Answer: A
10. Which of the following statement regarding lower esophageal sphincter is TRUE?
A. It has no tonic activity
B. It has a tone which is provided by the sympathetic system
C. Relaxes on increasing abdominal pressure
D. Relaxes ahead of the peristaltic wave
Answer: D
11. True about volume receptors are all, EXCEPT:
A. They are low pressure receptors
B. They provide afferents for thirst control
C. They are located in carotid sinus
D. They mediate vasopressin release
Answer: C
12. In an ECG the cardiac event corresponding to the ST segment is:
A. Atrial depolarisation
B. Ventricular depolarisation
C. Atrial repolarisation
D. Ventricular repolarisation
Answer: D
13. Which one of the following is the CORRECT statement regarding coronary blood flow?
A. Coronary blood flow is directly related to perfusion pressure and inversely related to resistance
B. Coronary blood flow is inversely related to perfusion pressure and directly related to resistance
C. Coronary blood flow is directly related to perfusion pressure and also to resistance
D. Coronary blood flow is inversely related to both pressure and resistance
Answer: A
14. Depressor reflex, Bezold-Jarisch reflex, produced by the following stimulus:
A. Atrial overload
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Ventricular distension
D. Isotonic exercise
Answer: C
15. All of the following cell types undergo cell division, EXCEPT:
A. Pericyte
B. Cardiac muscle cell
C. Smooth muscle cell
D. Satellite cell of skeletal muscle
Answer: B
16. Direct Fick method of measuring cardiac output requires estimation of:
A. O2 content of arterial blood
B. O2 consumption per unit time
C. Arteriovenous O2 difference
D. All of the above
Answer: D
17. Primitive red cells first originates in the early embryonic life is in:
A. Liver
B. Yolk sac
C. Bone marrow
D. Spleen
Answer: B
18. Transpulmonary pressure is the difference between:
A. The bronchus and atmospheric pressure
B. Pressure in alveoli and intrapleural pressure
C. Atmosphere and intrapleural pressure
D. Atmosphere and intraalveolar pressure
Answer: B
19. What is the partial pressure of oxygen at 760mmHg atmospheric pressure?
A. 76
B. 160
C. 120
D. 130
Answer: B
20. The primary active step for sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule involves:
A. Sodium-glucose cotransport across the luminal membrane
B. Sodium/hydrogen ion counter transport across the luminal membrane
C. Sodium transport via the Na+-K+-ATPase at the basolateral membrane
D. Sodium-amino acid cotransport across the luminal membrane
Answer: C
21. Angiotensin II causes all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. Stimulation of thirst
B. Aldosterone secretion
C. Increased ADH secretion
D. Vasodilation
Answer: D
22. Which of the following is the cause of nonshivering thermogenesis in adults?
A. Noradrenaline
B. Thyroid hormone
C. Muscle metabolism
D. Brown fat between the shoulders
Answer: A
23. The nucleus involved in Papez circuit is:
A. Pulvinar
B. Intralaminar
C. VPL nucleus
D. Anterior nucleus of Thalamus
Answer: D
24. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about CSF?
A. Removal of CSF during dural tap causes intense intracranial headache
B. Normally contain no neutrophils
C. Formed by arachnoid villi within the ventricles
D. pH is less than that of plasma
Answer: C
25. Cerebral blood flow is regulated by all, EXCEPT:
A. Intracranial pressure
B. Arterial PC02
C. Potassium ions
D. Cerebral metabolic rate
Answer: C
26. Withdrawal reflex is an example of which of the following?
A. Monosynaptic reflex
B. Polysynaptic reflex
C. Both A and B of the above
D. None of the above
Answer: B
27. Which of the following is referred to as the “Window of the limbic system”?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Amygdala
C. Hippocampus
D. Thalamus
Answer: B
28. Broca’s area is concerned with:
A. Word formation
B. Comprehension
C. Repetition
D. Reading
Answer: A
29. Nucleus of basal ganglia
A. Dentate
B. Thalamus
C. Caudate
D. Red nucleus
Answer: C
30. Resting membrane potential in nerve fibre
A. Is equal to the potential of ventricular muscle fibre
B. Can be measured by surface electrodes
C. Increases as extra cellular K+ increases
D. Depends upon K+ equilibrium
Answer: D
31. Alveolar hypoventilation is present in A/E:
A. Bulber poliomyelitis
B. COPD
C. Kyphoscoliosis
D. Lobar pneumonia
Answer: D
32. Which of the following does NOT stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors:
A. Hypoxia
B. Hypocapnia
C. Acidosis
D. Low perfusion pressure
Answer: B
33. Stability of alveoli is maintained by?
A. Lung compliance
B. Negative intrapleural pressure
C. Increase in alveolar surface area by the surfactant
D. Residual air in alveoli
Answer: C
34. Mean arterial pressure is calculated as:
A. (SBP + 2DBP)/ 3
B. (DBP + 2SBP)/ 3
C. (SBP + 3DBP)/ 2
D. (DBP + 3SBP)/ 2
Answer: A
35. Cerebral blood flow is regulated by all except:
A. Blood pressure
B. Arterial PCO2
C. Potassium ions
D. A & C
Answer: D
36. Gastrin is produced by :
A. Pancreas
B. Gastric antral cells
C. Pituitary
D. All
Answer: D
37. Gastric secretion is :
A. Inhibited by curare
B. Stimulated by nor adrenaline
C. Increased by stomach distention
D. Stimulated by an increase in tonic activity
Answer: C
38. Which inhibits gastric secretion ?
A. Secretin
B. Insulin
C. High gastric pH
D. Calcium
Answer: A
39. Pancreatic juice rich in water and electrolytes poor in enzymes is secreted in response to :
A. Pancreatozymin
B. Cholecystokinin
C. Secretin
D. Proteins
Answer: C
40. Small intestinal peristalsis is controlled by :
A. Myentric plexus
B. Meissners plexus
C. Vagus nerve
D. Para sympathetic system
Answer: A
41. Ovarian reserve is best indicated by
A. LH
B. FSH
C. LH/ FSH ratio
D. Estrogen
Answer: B
42.Which of these is not a part of extracellular matrix:
A. Laminin
B. Fibronectin
C. Integrins
D. Collagen
Answer: C
43. All of the following occur in mitochondria except
A. Citric acid cycle (Kreb’s cycle)
B. Glycogenolysis
C. Fatty acid oxidation
D. Electron transport chain
Answer: B
44. QRS complex is due to: [September 2008]
A. Ventricular repolarization
B. Atrial depolarization
C. Conduction through AV node
D. Ventricular depolarization
Answer: D
45. Coronary blood flow is maximum during which phase of cardiac cycle:
A. Isovolumic relaxation phase
B. Isovolumic contraction phase
C. Ejection phase
D. Isovolumic contraction phase
Answer: A
46. Aortic valve closure corresponds to the beginning of: [September 2011]
A. Systole
B. Parasystole
C. Isovolumetric relaxation
D. Isovolumetric contraction
Answer: C
47. Chymotrypsinogen is activated into chymotrypsin by:
A. Trypsin
B. Pepsin
C. Renin
D. HCl
Answer: A
48. Shivering is controlled by: [September 2012, March 2013]
A. Dorsomedial nucleus
B. Posterior hypothalamus
C. Perifornical nucleus
D. Lateral hypothalamic area
Answer: B
49. Vomiting centre is situated in the: [September 2008]
A. Hypothalamus
B. Midbarin
C. Pons
D. Medulla
Answer: D
50. Bohr effect is described as: [September 2009]
A. Decrease in CO2 affinity of hemoglobin when the pH of blood rises
B. Decrease in CO2 affinity of hemoglobin when the pH of blood falls
C. Decrease in O2 affinity of hemoglobin when the pH of blood rises
D. Decrease in O2 affinity of hemoglobin when the pH of blood falls
Answer: D
51. FALSE for seminal vesicles: [September 2012]
A. Contains large amount of fructose
B. Stores sperms
C. Situated on either side near prostate
D. Secretion of seminal vesicle gives mucoid consistency to semen
Answer: B
52. Which of the following are inactive during normal respiration ?
A. Pre-Botzinger complex
B. Dorsal group of neurons
C. Ventral VRG group of neurons
D. Pneumotaxic center
Answer: C
53. Sleep centre is located in
A. Basal ganglia
B. Medulla
C. Hypothalamus
D. Cerebellum
Answer: C
54. Aromatase produces estrogen from
A. Progesterone
B. Cortisol
C. Aldosterone
D. Androgen
Answer: D
55. Action of progesterone ?
A. Increased sensitivity of uterus to oxytocin
B. Inhibits LH secretion
C. Decrease in body temperature
D. Causes proliferative changes in uterus
Answer: B
56. Corpus leuteum starts regressing after how many days of ovulation ?
A. 5 days
B. 10 days
C. 24 days
D. None
Answer: B
57. Weber Fechner law is related to ?
A. Phantom limb
B. Force of contraction in heart
C. Intensity of stimulus and sensation felt
D. Cortical plasticity
Answer: C
58. Maximum amount of K+ ion is seen in which GI secretion ?
A. Saliva
B. Colonic
C. Gastric
D. Jejunal
Answer: A
59. Blood supply of brain is ?
A. 1500 ml/min
B. 2000 ml/min
C. 750 ml/min
D. 250 ml/min
Answer: C
60. Fertilization takes place after how much time of ovulation ?
A. 1-2 days
B. 5-6 days
C. 8-12 days
D. > 12 days
Answer: A
61. Major neurotransmitter in afferents in nucleus tractus solitarius to regulate cardiovascular system ?
A. Serotoxin
B. Glutamate
C. Glycine
D. Norepinephrine
Answer: B
62. Most diffusible ion across membrane
A. Na+
B. K+
C. Cl
D. None
Answer: C
63. Cells most sensitive to hypoxia are ?
A. Myocardial cells
B. Neurons
C. Hepatocytes
D. Renal tubular epithelial cells
Answer: B
64. Beta-2 transferrin is found in ?
A. Blood
B. Urine
C. Tear
D. CSF
Answer: D
65. What will occur with increase in alveolar ventilation rate ?
A. Decreased partial pressure of O2 in alveoli
B. Decreased partial pressure of CO2 in alveoli
C. Decreased CO2 diffusion from blood to alveoli
D. Decreased O2 diffusion from alveoli to blood
Answer: B
66. Tone of lower esophageal sphincter is increased by?
A. NO
B. VIP
C. Acetylcholine
D. Epinephrine
Answer: C
67. While walking or standing, posture is maintain by ?
A. Basal ganglia
B. Hypothalamus
C. Cerebellum
D. Amygdala
Answer: C
68. Pepsinogen is activated by ?
A. Enterokinase
B. Enteropeptidase
C. H+
D. Trypsin
Answer: C
69. Bile acid has a detergent action due to ?
A. Formation of soap
B. Formation of zwitter ion
C. Amphipathic nature of bile salts
D. Formation of medium chain triglycerides
Answer: C
70. Myelination in peripheral nervous system is done by
A. Astrocytes
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Ependymal cells
D. Schwann cells
Answer: D
71. Digestion of disaccharides occurs at ?
A. Mouth
B. Stomach
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
Answer: C
72. Dicrotic notch is caused by
A. Closure of mitral valve
B. Opening of mitral valve
C. Closure of aortic valve
D. Opening of aortic valve
Answer: C
73. Which of the following is an example of active transport?
A. Movement of water across cell membrane
B. Movement of oxygen across cell membrane
C. Co-transport of amino acids with sodium
D. None of the above
Answer: C
74. Chloride shift is due to ?
A. Generation of HCO-3 in RBCs
B. Metabolism of glucose in RBCs
C. Formation of O2-Hb complex in RBCs
D. None
Answer: A
75. Which of the following is passively absorbed in gut ?
A. Glucose
B. Lipids
C. Fructose
D. Amino-acids
Answer: B
76. Pulmonary vasodilatation is caused by ?
A. Hypoxia
B. Thromboxane A2
C. Histamine
D. Angiotensin-II
Answer: C
77. Life span of neonatal RBC ?
A. 60-90 days
B. 90-120 days
C. 120-150 days
D. 150-200 days
Answer: A
78. Skin blood flow is decreased by ?
A. Dopamine
B. Isoprenaline
C. Noradrenaline
D. Acetylcholine
Answer: C
79. Autophagic vacuoles fuse with ?
A. Golgi complex
B. ER
C. Lysosome
D. Mitocondria
Answer: C
80. Feed forward inhibition synapse seen in
A. Medulla
B. Cerebellum
C. Basal ganglia
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: B
81. Main enzyme involved in digestion of fatty food?
A. Lingual lipase
B. Gastric lipase
C. Pancreatic lipase
D. Phospholipase
Answer: C
82. Motor protein in organ of corti ?
A. Kinesin
B. Albumin
C. Dynein
D. Myosin
Answer: D
83. Vibrations are felt by ?
A. Meissner’s corpuscle
B. Merkel’s disc
C. Pacinian corpuscle
D. Ruffini’s end organ
Answer: C
84. Herring Breuer reflex is an increase in ?
A. Duration of inspiration
B. Duration of expiration
C. Depth of inspiration
D. Depth of expiration
Answer: B
85. Amount of gastric juice secreted per day ?
A. 500-1000 ml
B. 1000-1500 ml
C. 2000-2500 ml
D. 3000-3500 ml
Answer: C
86. True about gap junctions are all, except ?
A. Transmit electric signals
B. Allow ions to pass
C. Intercellular space 1000 nm
D. Seen in cardiac muscle
Answer: C
87. In starvation, earliest to become depleted
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Fats
D. None
Answer: A
88. Growth hormone secretion is stimulated by ?
A. Increased blood glucose
B. Decreased blood glucose
C. Cortisol
D. Somatostatin
Answer: B
89. Isocapnic exercise is ?
A. Breathing for short duration against resistance
B. Breathing of decreased volume of ventilation
C. Breathing of increased volume of ventilation for long period
D. Breathing of decreased volume for long period
Answer: C
90. Hormones required during puberty ?
A. LSH
B. Testesterone
C. Leptin
D. All of the above
Answer: D
91. Capacitance vessels have in their wall ?
A. More elastic tissue and less muscle
B. Less elastic tissue and more muscle
C. More elastic tissue and more muscle
D. Less elastic tissue and less muscle
Answer: D
92. Effect of cholecystokinin on GIT ?
A. Increases gastric acid secretion
B. Increases small intestinal peristlasis
C. Increases gastric motility
D. Relaxes gall bladder
Answer: B
93. Pubarche is due to ?
A. GH
B. Progesterone
C. Testosterone
D. Estrogen
Answer: C
94. False about total body water (TBW) ?
A. ICF is 2/3rd of TBW
B. In newborn TBW is 60% of body weight
C. Premature newborns have more TBW
D. In adults, TBW is 60% of body weight
Answer: B
95. Which of following is a microfilament ?
A. Tubulin
B. Actin
C. Desmin
D. Vimentin
Answer: B
96. All belong to molecular motor family except ?
A. Kinesin
B. Dynein
C. Myosin
D. Actin
Answer: D
97. Cells which surround the oocyst in graafian follicle are called ?
A. Discus proligerus
B. Cumulus oophoricus
C. Luteal cells
D. Villus cells
Answer: B
98. Following changes are seen during capacitation of a sperms except ?
A. Increased permeability to calcium
B. Decreased permeability to calcium
C. Removal of cholesterol from acrosome
D. Increased motility
Answer: B
99. Mismatch of ventilation/perfusion ratio is seen in
A. Apex
B. Base
C. Both
D. None
Answer: C
100. Carotid and aortic bodies are stimulated when ?
A. Oxygen saturation decreases below 90%
B. Oxygen saturation decreases below 80%
C. Oxygen saturation decreases below 70%
D. Oxygen saturation decreases below 60%
Answer: A
101. Sense organ which is having efferent supply
A. Golgi tendon organ
B. Organ of corti
C. Retina
D. Taste bud
Answer: B
102. False regarding papillae of tongue ?
A. Fungiform papillae at tip
B. Circumvallate papillae at base
C. Foliate papillae at back edge
D. Filiform papillae have taste buds at tip
Answer: D
103. Electric potential of resting membrane for a given electrolyte is given by which equation ?
A. Nernst
B. Goldman
C. Donnan-Gibbs
D. None
Answer: A
104. In circulatory biomechanics which of the following is true?
A. Blood viscosity is increased in anemia
B. Blood viscosity is decreased in polycythemia
C. Cardiac output is increased in anemia
D. Cardiac output is decreased in Beri-Beri
Answer: C
105. Hemoglobin binds/transports all except ?
A. CO
B. O2
C. SO2
D. CO2
Answer: C
106. Fever is produced by ?
A. PGF2α
B. PGE2
C. PGI2
D. PGD2
Answer: B
107. Normal capillar wedge pressure ?
A. 0-2 mm Hg
B. 5-10 mm Hg
C. 15-20 mm Hg
D. 20-30mm Hg
Answer: B
108. Insulin resistance down-regulates A. GLUT-1
B. GLUT-2
C. GLUT-3
D. GLUT-4
Answer: D
109. Plateau of oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve signifies ?
A. No oxygen is available for binding to Hb
B. No Hb molecule is available to bind with O2
C. All oxygen is released to tissues
D. None of the above
Answer: B
110. Which of the following increases appetite ?
A. CART
B. α – MSH
C. AGPP
D. Insulin
Answer: C
11. True about iron absorption are all, except ?
A. Major site of absorption is duodenum
B. Stored as Ferritin
C. Absorbed in ferrous form
D. Pancreatic secretions improves the absorption
Answer: D
112. Cardiac output increases by ?
A. Standing from lying down position
B. Expiration
C. Increased cardiac contractility
D. Parasympathetic stimulation
Answer: C
113. Spermatogenesis takes place in ?
A. Epididymis
B. Seminiferous tubule
C. Ductus deferens
D. Prostate
Answer: B
114. Estrogen Beta receptors are found on
A. Uterus
B. Blood vessels
C. Ovary
D. Vagina
Answer: C
115. Endogenous pyrogens act by ?
A. Increasing heat generation
B. Raising thermostat point of hypothalamus
C. Causing vasoconstriction
D. By Non-shivering thermogenesis
Answer: B
116. Extrinsic system of coagulation is activated by
A. Factor XI
B. Factor X
C. Factor XII
D. Factor III
Answer: D
117. Sharp pain is transmitted by which type of fibres?
A. Aα
B. Aβ
C. Aδ
D. C
Answer: C
118. Reward center is located in ?
A. Cerebellum
B. Amygdala
C. Hippocampus
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: D
119. Correct order of velocity ?
A. Vena cava > Aorta > Vein > Artery > Venule > Arteriole
B. Aorta > Vena cava > Artery > Vein > Arteriole > Venule
C. Aorta > Artery > Vena cava > Vein > Arteriole > Venule
D. Vena cava > Vein > Aorta > Artery > Venule > Arteriole
Answer: B
120. Maximum water reabsorption in the Gastrointestinal tract occurs in ?
A. Stomach
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum
D. Colon
Answer: B
121. Thyroid gland is stimulated by which hormone during pregnancy ?
A. Prolactin
B. HCG
C. Human placental lactogen
D. ACTH
Answer: B
122. FSH and LH both are inhibited by ?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Estrogen
D. Progesterone
Answer: C
123. Gamma glutamate carboxypeptidase is linked with absorption of ?
A. Riboflavin
B. Niacin
C. Folic acid
D. Pyridoxinel
Answer: C
124. The oxygen dissociation curve of myoglobin & haemoglobin is different due to?
A. Hb can bind to 2 oxygen molecules
B. Cooperative binding in Hb
C. Myoglobin has little oxygen affinity
D. Haemoglobin follows a hyperbolic curve
Answer: B
125. Myosin and actin filaments are kept in place by
A. Tropomyosin
B. Troponin
C. Actinin
D. Titin
Answer: D
126. True about cerebellar neuronal connections ?
A. Climbing fibres from inferior olivary nucleus
B. Mossy fibres from inferior olivary nucleus
C. Climbing fibres are inhibitory to Purkinje cells
D. Mossy fibres are inhibitory to Purkinje cells
Answer: A
127. Lifespan of fetal RBC is ?
A. Same as adult RBC
B. 1/4 of adult RBC
C. 1/2 of adult RBC
D. 2/3 of adult RBC
Answer: D
128. Baroreceptor are ?
A. Carotid body
B. Carotid sinus
C. Aortic body
D. None
Answer: B
129. Insulin secretion is normally stimulated by ?
A. GLP-1
B. GLP-2
C. VIP
D. α-adrenergic receptors
Answer: A
130. Insulin mediated glucose transport is seen in ?
A. Adipose tissue
B. Brain
C. RBC
D. Kidney
Answer: A
131. Increased BMR is associated with ?
A. Increased body fat store
B. Increased glycognenesis
C. Increased glycolysis
D. Increased lipogenesis
Answer: C
132. Post-tetanic potentiation is due to
A. Hyperpolarization of muscle fibres
B. Rapid K+ efflux
C. Increased availability of Ca++
D. Rapid Na+ influx
Answer: C
133. Which of the following has small representation in somatosensory area of cerebral cortex ?
A. Lips
B. Thumb/fingers
C. Tongue
D. Trunk
Answer: D
134. Factor X is ?
A. Hageman factor
B. Stuart-Prower factor
C. Christmas factor
D. Tissue factor
Answer: B
135. Resting membrane potential in cardiac muscle ?
A. -70 mV
B. +70 mV
C. -90 mV
D. +90 mV
Answer: C
136. Effect of GLP-1 ?
A. Increased aldosterone secretion by adrenal
B. Increased PTH secretion
C. Increased insulin secretion from beta-cells of pancreas
D. Increased testosterone secretion from Leydig cells
Answer: C
137. Noradrenaline is major neurotransmitter in ?
A. Postganglionic parasympathetic fibres
B. Postganglionic sympathetic fibres except in sweat glands
C. Autonomic ganglia
D. Preganglionic autonomic fibres
Answer: B
138. Gamma globulin are synthesized in ?
A. Liver
B. Spleen
C. Kidney
D. Plasma cells
Answer: D
139. Normal cerebral blood flow in ml/min ?
A. 55
B. 150
C. 750
D. 1000
Answer: C
140. Role of growth hormone in spermatogenesis ?
A. Late division of spermatocytes
B. Early division of spermatogonia
C. Formation of Acrosomes
D. Stimulation of sertoli and Leydig cells
Answer: B
141. Growth hormone has its effect on growth through?
A. Directly
B. IG1-1
C. Thyroxine
D. Intranuclear receptors
Answer: B
142. Growth hormone does not cause ?
A. Gigantism
B. Acromegaly
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Hypothyroidism
Answer: D
143. Migrating motor complex is due to which GI hormone ?
A. Gastrin
B. Motilin
C. CCK
D. VIP
Answer: B
144. Sensations which are appreciated in thalamus
A. Proprioception
B. Pain & temperature
C. Tactile sensations
D. Pressure
Answer: B
145. NO acts on platelets through ?
A. cAMP
B. Adenosine
C. cGMP
D. TX-A2
Answer: C
146. Mitral and periglomerular cells are seen in ?
A. Medulla
B. Olfactory bulb
C. Primary visual cortex
D. Geniculate body
Answer: B
147. Derivative of POMC
A. Norepinephrine
B. Dopamine
C. ACTH
D. Acetylcholine
Answer: C
148. Preaccelerin is ?
A. Eater II
B. Facter V
C. Facter VII
D. Facter X
Answer: C
149. Which of the following is not an intermediate filament?
A. Keratin
B. Desmin
C. Tubulin
D. Lamin
Answer: C
150. Antimullerian hormone is secreted by ?
A. Granulosa cells
B. Lyedig cells
C. Sertoli cells
D. None
Answer: C
151. Hepcidin inhibits ?
A. Absorption of cobalamine
B. Transfer of iron into enterocytes
C. Folic acid synthesis
D. Respiratory oxidase
Answer: B
152. Stroke volume is increased by ?
A. Increased end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes
B. Decreased end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes
C. Increased end-diastolic volume and decreased end-systolic volume
D. Decreased end-diastolic volume and increased end-systolic volume
Answer: C
153. Effect of infusion of hypotonic saline?
A. Increased ICF only
B. Increased ECF only
C. Increased in both ICF and ECF
D. Increased ICF and decreased ECF
Answer: C
154. Smooth muscle physiology different from skeletal muscle
A. K+ requires for contraction
B. Ca2+ required for contraction
C. Troponin is absent
D. Myosin is required for contraction
Answer: C
155. Normal respiratory compliance is ?
A. 200 ml/cm water
B. 50 ml/cm water
C. 100 ml/cm water
D. 150 ml/cm water
Answer: A
156. Cushing reflex is associated with all except ?
A. Hypotension
B. Increased intracranial pressure
C. Bradycardia
D. Tachyponea
Answer: A
157. Which of the following technique is used to study current flow across a single ion channel?
A. Patch clamp
B. Voltage clamp
C. lontophoresis
D. Galvanometry
Answer: A
158. Poiseuille’s equation states that
A. Blood flow is directly proportion to 2nd power of radius
B. Blood flow is directly proportion to 4th power of radius
C. Blood flow is inversely proportion to 2nd power of radius
D. Blood flow is inversely proportion to 4th power of radius
Answer: B
159. True about calcium reabsorption in the kidney?
A. Most of the calcium reabsorption occurs in DCT
B. Major regulating factor is Parathormone
C. Parathormone decreases calcium reabsorption
D. Increased plasma phosphate decreases calcium reabsorption
Answer: B
160. Which carrier pump is transporting solutes in thick ascending limb of Henle loop?
A. Carrier pump Na-K-2Cl transporter.
B. NaCl- cotransporter
C. Na2+-H+ exchanger
D. Na2+-K+ exchanger
Answer: A
161. What is the partial pressure for oxygen in the inspired air?
A. 116 mm Hg
B. 158 mm Hg
C. 100 mm Hg
D. 0.3 mm Hg
Answer: B
162. What are the cellular contents of cerebellar cortex?
A. Cortical cells
B. Glomus cells
C. Principle cells
D. Intercalated cells
Answer: A
163. Which cells are referred as “Pacemaker cells” with relation to ‘BER’?
A. SA node
B. AV node
C. Interstitial cells of Cajal.
D. Pyramidal cells
Answer: C
164. Testosterone secreted by,
A. Leydig’s cells.
B. Somatotropic cells.
C. Acidophilic cells.
D. Gonadotropic cells
Answer: A
165. Vasopressin acts through which channels in collecting duct?
A. Aquaporin 1
B. Aquaporin 2
C. GLUT –
D. GLUT – 4
Answer: B
166. True about decorticate rigidity?
A. Removal of cerebral cortex and basal ganglia
B. Flexion of lower limbs & extension of upper limbs
C. Rigidity is less pronounced than decerebrate rigidity
D. None of the above
Answer: C
167. Bainbridge reflux causes?
A. Bradycardia
B. Increased cardiac output
C. Decreased venous return
D. Increased heart rate
Answer: D
168. Golgi tendon organ responsible for?
A. Tension
B. Length
C. Pressure
D. Proprioception
Answer: A
169. Hormone predominately secreted after 14 day on endometrium is?
A. Progesterone
B. Estrogen
C. LH
D. FSH
Answer: A
170. Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to hypoxia using which channel?
A. Calcium channel
B. Sodium channel
C. Potassium channel
D. Chloride channel
Answer: C
171. With increase in age which of the following is true for lungs?
A. Pulmonary compliance increases
B. Residual volume decreases
C. Mucocillary clearance increases
D. Fibrous of interstitium dreaseses
Answer: A
172. Functional residual volume is?
A. After normal inspiration
B. After normal expiration
C. After forceful expiration
D. After forceful inspiration
Answer: A
173. Polyuria is
A. 70ml/kg
B. 60ml/kg
C. 50ml/kg
D. 40ml/kg
Answer: C
174. Tubuloglomerular feedback control is useful for which one of the following?
A. GFR
B. Plasma sodium
C. Plasma volume
D. Determining tubular secretion
Answer: A
175. Calcitonin levels increased in
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hyperparathyroidism
C. Hypoparathyroidism
D. Cushing Syndrome
Answer: B
176. When the values of Fev1=1.3 & FCV=3.9. Which of the following does this signify?
A. Normal lung function
B. Obstructive lung disease
C. Restrictive lung disease
D. Both
Answer: B
177. Antegrade peristalsis due to?
A. Ach
B. Serotonin
C. Substance P
D. VIP
Answer: D
178. C-peptide seen in?
A. In Pre-proinsulin
B. In Proinsulin
C. As a combined entity with insulin after secretion
D. A gastrointestinal proactive molecul
Answer: B
179. In forceful expiration, which of the following neurons gets fired?
A. VRG
B. DRG
C. Pneumotaxic centre
D. Chemoreceptors
Answer: A
180. Slow conduction velocity is seen with which of the following nerve fibers?
A. Preganglionic autonomic nerve fibers
B. Postganglionic autonomic nerve fibers
C. Motor nerves
D. Sympathetic nerve fibers
Answer: B
181. Calculate the ejection fraction from the given volume pressure curve:
A. 40%
B. 50%
C. 55%
D. 60%
Answer: D
182. Chemoreceptors are located in which area?
A. Medulla
B. Arch of aorta
C. Bifurcation of carotid artery
D. All of the above
Answer: D
183. Hormone responsible for BP regulation after a fall due to blood loss.
A. ADH
B. ANP
C. Epinephrine
D. Aldosterone
Answer: A
184.Sodium channels are maximum in which part of neuron ?
A. Soma
B. Axon hillock
C. Dendrites
D. Axon
Answer: B
185. Blood supply of liver [m1/100g/min]
A. 1500-2000
B. 1000-1500
C. 50-60
D. 250-300
Answer: C
186. Conversion of prekallikrein to kallikrein requires which clotting factor
A. XIII
B. XII
C. XI
D. X
Answer: B
187. The only excitatory neurons in cerebellar cortex are?
A. Purkinje
B. Basket
C. Golgi
D. Granule cells
Answer: D
188. Temperature centre is ?
A. Supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus
B. Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
C. Preoptic nucleus of hypothalamus
D. Suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus
Answer: C
189. Righting reflex is a ?
A. Cochlear reflex
B. Spinal reflex
C. Vestibular reflex
D. None of the above
Answer: C
190. Biphasic action potential of mixed nerve except?
A. All or none phenomenon
B. Two or more positive peaks
C. Refractory period
D. Recorded on surface
Answer: B
191.Which of the following is/are effect of increased 2,3-DPG on oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve?
A. ↑ ed affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen
B. ↓ ed affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen
C. Left shift of oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
D. Right shift of oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
E. No change in oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
Answer: B😀
192. True statement relating to compliance of lung:
A. Increased by surfactant
B. Decreased in emphysema
C. At height of inspiration compliance is less
D. It can be measured by measuring intrapleural pressure at different lung volume
E. None
Answer: A:C:D
193. Lipid rafts are seen in?
A. Ribosomes
B. Mitochondria
C. Plasma membrane
D. ER
Answer: C
194. Marker of endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Acid phosphatase
B. Glucose-6-phosphatase
C. Catalase
D. LDH
Answer: B
195. Following is a feature of simple diffusion?
A. Against a concentration gradient
B. Easy for non-polar substance
C. More in thick membrane
D. Requires carrier protein
Answer: B
196. Most common mechanism for transport into the cell?
A. Diffusion
B. Primary active transport
C. Antiport
D. Cotransport
Answer: A
197. True about Nernst equation?
A. Used to calculate equilibrium potential
B. Calculated for non-ionic solution
C. Nernst potential for Cl is -90 my
D. All are correct
Answer: A
198. Actin is which type of protein?
A. Fibrous
B. Globular
C. Both
D. None
Answer: C
199. Somatic efferent of which arise from medulla?
A. Oculomotor
B. Trochlear
C. Abducent
D. Hypoglossal
Answer: D
200. Third order neurons of sensations from face arise in?
A. Medulla
B. Spinal nucleus of trigeminal
C. Thalamus
D. Brainstem
Answer: C
201. ECF concentration of 1C. is 150 meq/L and ICF concentration of le is 5 meq/L. What is the equilibrium potential for K+ is?
A. +60 mV
B. -60 mV
C. -90 mV
D. +90 mV
Answer: C
202. True about heterophilic receptors?
A. Involved in binding of GH to cell membrane
B. Bind to same ligand/hormone
C. Involved in cell adhesion
D. All are correct
Answer: C
203. Nernnst equation related to equilibrium potential does not depend upon?
A. Concentration gradient
B. Electric gradient
C. Non-ionic solution
D. Concentration of ions in two solution
Answer: C
204. Due to Donnan-Gibbs effect?
A. Concentration of K. is greater in ECF
B. Concentration of cl is greater in ECF
C. Total ions are more in ICF
D. All are true
Answer: C
205. ATPase is which type of pump?
A. Secondary active
B. Electrogenic
C. Symport
D. All of the above
Answer: B
206. Diffusion related to 02 transport across respiratory membrane is an example of?
A. Simple diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Active diffusion
D. Osmotic diffusion
Answer: A
207. Apnea-hypopnea index is used for?
A. Emphysema
B. Asthma
C. Hyaline membrane disease
D. Obstructive sleep apnea [OSAI
Answer: D
208. Measurement of intracellular fluid in a 50 years old male is done by?
A. Dilution method
B. Evans blue
C. D20
D. Indirectly
Answer: D
209. Calculation of interstitial fluid in a 50 years old is done by?
A. TBW minus ECF
B. ECF minus plasma volume
C. ICF minus ECF
D. TBW minus ICF
Answer: B
210. Hypercoagulable factor is?
A. Protein C
B. Protein S
C. Factor V Leiden
D. Antithrombin III
Answer: C
211. Excitability of cells is maximally affected by change in concentration of which ion?
A. IC+
B. Na*
C. a
d) Ca+2
Answer: D
212. Inhibition of Na* ATPase leads to?
A. Decreased Na* in the cell
B. Increased Ca’ in the cell
C. Increased K* in the cell
D. Increased Cl- in the cell
Answer: B
213. Non-specific pain pathway is for?
A. Nociceptive pain
B. Neuropathic pain
C. Idiopathic pain
D. Inflammatory pain
Answer: C
214. Shortest phase of sexual cycle?
A. Excitement phase
B. Plateu phase
C. Orgasmic phase
D. Resolution
Answer: C
215. Dull visceral pain is carried by which type of neurons?
A. A gamma
B. Aa
C. C fibres
D. B
Answer: C
216. Erection of penis occurs in which phase of sexual cycle?
A. Excitement phase
B. Plateu phase
C. Orgasmic phase
D. Resolution
Answer: A
217. ‘C’ fibers carry sensations through which pathway?
A. Posterior column
B. Anterior spinothalamic tract
C. Lateral spinothalamic tract
D. All of the above
Answer: C
218. Premature ejaculation occurs in which phase of sexual cycle?
A. Excitement phase
B. Plateu phase
C. Orgasmic phase
D. Resolution
Answer: C
219. Types C nerve fibers are?
A. Sensory
B. Motor
C. Mixed
D. Any of the above
Answer: A
220. Exercise mediated increase in muscular blood flow is mediated by which sympathetic fibers
A. Adrenergic
B. Noradrenergic
C. Dopaminergic
D. Cholinergic
Answer: D
221.Phosphate/phosphorus is present in which part of cell?
A. Cell membrane
B. DNA
C. RNA
D. All of the above
Answer: D
222. Warmth sensation is carried by?
A. A a fibers
B. A (3 fibers
C. A y fibers
D. A S fibers
Answer: A
223. True about myosin?
A. Thin filament
B. Covers active site of action
C. Has ATPase activity
D. Ca’ binding protein
Answer: C
224.Maximum storage of magnesium occurs in which part of body?
A. Adipose tissue
B. Skeletal muscles
C. Blood
D. Bone
Answer: D
225. In cardiac muscles, T-tubules are present at?
A. Z lines
B. A lines
C. I lines
D. A-I junction
Answer: A
226. Tisse factor activates?
A. Preaccelerin
B. Hageman facter
C. Labile facter
D. Prothrombin
Answer: A
227. Tissue factor activates?
A. Intrinsic pathway
B. Contact pathway
C. In vitro pathway
D. In vivo pathway
Answer: D
228. In a muscle fiber at rest, the length of the I band is 1 mm and A band is 1.5 mm. What is the length of the sarcomere
A. 0.5 mm
B. 2.5 mm
C. 3 5 mm
D. 5 mm
Answer: B
229. Hormone which affects IC* ion concentration?
A. GH
B. Thyroxine
C. Insulin
D. Estrogen
Answer: C
230. White fibers are present in which muscle?
A. Calf muscles
B. Back muscles
C. Gluteal muscles
D. Hand muscles
Answer: D
231. Function of muscle spindle is?
A. Movement of a limb
B. Muscle tone maintenance
C. Goal oriented muscle contraction
D. All of the above
Answer: B
232. Afferents for stretch reflexes are carried by which fibers?
A. Aa
B. Ay
C. Type B
D. Type C
Answer: A
233. All are true regarding intracellular receptors, except?
A. Act by regulating gene expression
B. Fastest acting receptors
C. Glucocorticoid receptors
D. DNA contains hormone responsive elements
Answer: B
234. Spinal cord has how many synapses in golgi tendon reflex?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer: B
235. Secretion of cortisol is highest at?
A. Mid-night
B. Early morning
C. Afternoon
D. Evening
Answer: B
236. Inverse stretch reflex is a?
A. Monosynaptic reflex
B. Bisynaptic reflex
C. Polysynaptic reflex
D. Nonsynaptic reflex
Answer: B
237. True about ACTH and cortisol [corticosteroid] secretion?
A. Maximum secretion in the evening
B. ACTH has negative feed-back control
C. ACTH has major effect on mineralocorticoid secretion
D. ACTH is derived from POMC
Answer: B😀
238. Facilitatory presynaptic neurotransmitter is?
A. GABA
B. Glycine
C. Glutamate
D. Aspartate
Answer: C😀
239. Gene for insulin responsive glucose transporter is located on chromosome?
A. 7
B. 21
C. 17
D. 13
Answer: C
240. Glucose transporter affected in diabetes mellitus?
A. GLUT-2
B. GLUT-5
C. GLUT-4
D. SGLT-2
Answer: C
241.Nissl’s granules are found in which part of nerve cell
A. Axon hillock
B. Axons
C. Node of Ranvier
D. Body
Answer: D
242. Stereocilia are found in?
A. Eye
B. Nose
C. Tongue
D. Epididymis
Answer: D
243. Mechanism of action of 5-a reductase?
A. Breakage of C4C5 double bond
B. Breakage of C-N bond
C. Breakage of amide bond
D. Breakage of N-N bond
Answer: A
244. Stereocilia are present in?
A. Taste buds
B. Hair cells
C. Retina
D. Nose
Answer: B
245. CSF pressure is increased in all except
A. Forced inspiration
B. Coughing
C. Valsalva manoeuvre
D. Crying
Answer: A
246. cAMP activates?
A. Protein kinase ‘A’
B. Protein kinase ‘C’
C. Nuclear transcription
D. Phospholipare
Answer: A
247. CSF is present in which space?
A. Central canal of spinal cord
B. Ventricles of brain
C. Subarachnoid space
D. All of the above
Answer: D
248. Maximum daily degradation of haemoglobin in normal adults?
A. 2 gm
B. 4 gm
C. 6 gm
D. 8 gm
Answer: D
249. Daily fecal urobilinogen excretion in healthy adults?
A. 20-40 gm
B. 40-280 gm
C. 20-40 mg
D. 40-280 mg
Answer: D
250. Function of Ghrelin?
A. Stimulate water absorption
B. Increase appatite
C. Regulation of temperature
D. Stimulate lipogenesis
Answer: B
251. Location of visual cortex?
A. Precentral gyrus
B. Postcentral gyrus
C. Sylvian fissure
D. Calcarine sulcus
Answer: D
252. Parvocellular pathway for vision is concerned with?
A. Fine details of object
B. Movements of object
C. Flickering features
D. Depth of vision
Answer: A
253. Sweat glands are supplied by all except?
A. Cholinergic neurons
B. Sympathetic neurons
C. Adrenergic neurons
D. C-fibers
Answer: C
254. Gustatory pathway involves which nerve?
A. Facial
B. Glossopharyngeal
C. Vagus
D. All of the above
Answer: D
255. True about basic rhythm of GIT?
A. Fluctuate between -65 and -40 mV
B. Initiated by zymogen cells
C. Pacemaker cells are present in proximal stomach
D. All of the above
Answer: A
256. Function of cerebellum?
A. Regulation of tone
B. Coordination of eye movement
C. Planning & initiation of movement
D. All of the above
Answer: D
257. Which of the following is not a metabotropic receptor for serotonin?
A. 5HT,A
B. 5HT,13
C. 5HT2A
D. 5HT3
Answer: D
258. Two point discrimination is mainly a function of which touch receptors?
A. Merkel’s disc
B. Ruffini’s end organ
C. Paccinian corpuscle
D. Meissner’s corpuscle
Answer: A
259. Which of the following defines vital capacity?
A. Air in lung after normal expiration
B. Maximum air that can be expirated after normal inspiration
C. Maximum air that can be expirated after maximum inspiration
D. Maximum air in lung after end of maximal inspiration
Answer: C
260.Which of the following acts as “Gatekeeper” in the GIT?
A. Na+-amino acid cotransporter
B. Na+ K+ ATPass
C. Calcium channel
D. Ne-glucose cotransporter
Answer: C
261. Functional residual capacity in normal adult is?
A. 500 ml
B. 1200 ml
C. 2400 ml
D. 3200 ml
Answer: C
262. What is maximum voluntary ventilation?
A. Amount of air expired in one munute at rest
B. Maximum amount of air that can be inspired and expired in one minute
C. Maximum amount of air that can be inspired per breath
D. Maximum amount of air remaining in lung after forced expiration
Answer: B
263. If the ileum is excised, what will increasein stool?
A. Bile salts
B. Bile acids
C. Iron
D. Calcium
Answer: A
264. True about Carboxyhemoglobin?
A. Take up 02 very quickly
B. Causes histotoxic hypoxia
C. Causes left shift of Hb-02 dissociation curve
D. All are true
Answer: C
265.Maximum fat absorption in GI tract occurs in?
A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum
D. Calcium
Answer: B
266. What is the difference between Hb-0 dissociation curve and Hb-CO curve?
A. CO shifts the curve to left
B. CO has more affinity to Hb
C. Co-Hb curve is similar to 02-Hb curve
D. All are true
Answer: D
267. Not true about Bohr effect?
A. Decrease affinity of 02 by increase PCO,
B. Left shift of Hb-02 dissociation curve
C. It is due to H*
D. All are true
Answer: B
268. True about aquaporins are all except ?
A. Protein
B. Aquaporin-1 in PCT
C. Aquaporin-2 in loop of Henle
D. Aquaporin-2 in CD
Answer: C
269. Which of the following explains uptake of 0, in fetal circulation ?
A. Bohr’s effect
B. Halden’s effect
C. Higher affinity of HbF for 0,
D. None of the above
Answer: C
270. Plasma inulin of a person is 4 mg/ml and urine flow rate is 20 ml/min. What will be GFR if urine inulin is 50 mg/ml?
A. 125 ml/min
B. 250 ml/min
C. 500 ml/min
D. 1000 ml/min
Answer: B
271. Which of the following explains delivery of 02 in fetal circulation?
A. Bohr’s effect
B. Halden’s effect
C. Higher affinity of HbF for 02
D. None of the above
Answer: A
272. True of 02-Hb dissociation curve?
A. Straight line curve
B. 100% saturated at P02 of 100 mmHg
C. Cooperative binding
D. Hb molecule can carry 6 molecules of 0,
Answer: C
273. Which increases affinity of hemoglobin
for 0,A. Acidosis
B. Hyperthermia
C. High pH
D. High PCO2
Answer: C
274. In comparison to haemoglobin, effect of myoglobin on Bohr effect?
A. Increased
B. Decreased
C. Same
D. No Bohr effect
Answer: D
275. Function of chloride shift in RBCs?
A. Right shift of Hb-O, curve
B. Left shift of Hb-02 curve
C. Transport of CO2
D. Diffusion of 02 in alveoli
Answer: C
276. Function of Lacis cells in nephron?
A. H+secretion
B. Na+reabsorption
C. Renin secretion
D. Regulation of vasoconstriction / vasodilatation of arterioles
Answer: D
277. Closing volume is related to which of the following?
A. Tidal volume
B. Residual volume
C. Vital capacity
D. None
Answer: B
278. True about function of distal convoluted tubule?
A. Reabsorbe Na* by Nal(+2c1- channel
B. Reabsorbe IC’ by Nei(‘ channel
C. Water reabsorption by ADH
D. All are correct
Answer: C
279. Renin secretion is decreased by?
A. Sympathetic stimulation
B. Prostacycline [PGI2]
C. Nacl in distal tubules
D. Hypotension
Answer: C
280. Most important cerebral vasodilator?
A. H+
B. Na+
C. Cal+
D. None
Answer: A
281. Action potential in cardiac muscles is due to which ions?
A. K*
B. Na*
C. Ca’
D. CI?
Answer: A:B:C
282. Which of the following cause increase in pulmonary arterial pressure?
A. Histamine
B. Hypoxia
C. ANP
D. PGI2
Answer: B
283. Heart sound occuring just before closure 9of AV?
A. S1
B. S2
C. S3
D. S4
Answer: D
284. Effect of positive G?
A. Increased cerebral arterial pressure
B. Increased venous return
C. Decreased cardiac output
D. Increased pressure in lower limb
Answer: C
285. Central chemoreceptors are not stimulated by?
A. T PCO2
B. T El’ in CSF
C. Hypoxia
D. All stimulate
Answer: C
286. Chemical regulation of respiration is not affected by?
A. P02
B. PCO2
C. pH
D. Mean BP
Answer: D
287. True about high altitude acclimatization?
A. Left shift 0102- Hb curve
B. Decreased RBC count
C. Hypoventilation
D. Increased erythropoietin
Answer: D
288. Respiratory exchange of gases is strated from?
A. Branchi
B. Alveoli
C. Bronchiole
D. Tissue level
Answer: B
289. Distending capacity of lung is maximum at?
A. Apex
B. Base
C. Mid region
D. Posterior lobe
Answer: A
290. Baroreceptors are related to which vessels?
A. Internal carotid artery
B. External carotid artery
C. Subclavian artery
D. Brachiocephalic trunk
Answer: A
291. S2 is associated with ?
A. Rapid ventricular filling
B. Atrial contraction
C. Closure of semilunar valves
D. Closure of AV valves
Answer: C
292. 51 S2 is checked by which reflex ?
A. Knee jerk
B. Patellar reflex
C. Calcaneal reflex
D. None
Answer: C
293. Prostaglandin was discovered from ?
A. Tear
B. Saliva
C. Seminal fluid
D. Blood
Answer: C
294. Correct formula is ?
A. GFR = Kf x 10
B. Kf = GFR x10
C. Kf = GFR x 125
D. GFR =Kf x 125
Answer: A
295. Which of the following equation is correct regarding equilibrium potential for diffusion ?
A. EMF = 25 CA/CB
B. EMF = 41 CA/CB
C. EMF = 61 CA/CB
D. EMF = 80 CA/CB
Answer: C
296. Most important factor in transport across a membrane?
A. Charge of particle
B. Membrane thickness
C. Size of particle
D. Concentration gradient
Answer: D
297. Tronsport process which is against concentration gradient and carrier mediated is ?
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Endocytosis
Answer: C
298. Similarity between active transport and facilitated diffusion ?
A. Energy requirment
B. Against concentration gradient
C. Carrier protein
D. All of the above
Answer: C
299. Transport through pores in cell members is ?
A. Active transpert
B. Transcytosis
C. Diffusion
D. Endocytosis
Answer: C
300. Percentage of total body water to body weight at birth?
A. 90%
B. 80%
C. 60%
D. 50%
Answer: B
301. Epithelial sodium channels has ?
A. 2a, 213
B. la, i(3
C. 2a, 213, 2y
D. 2a, 113, 2y
Answer: D
302. True about ENaC are all except ?
A. Epithelial channel
B. Composed of 2 homolous subunits
C. Present in kidney and GIT
D. Inhibited by amiloride
Answer: B
303. pH of intracellular fluid is ?
A. Slightly less than ECF
B. Slightly more than ECF
C. Same as ECF
D. Highly alkaline
Answer: A
304. Increased in plasma viscosity is maximally caused by which plasma protein?
A. Fibrinogen
B. Albumin
C. Globulin
D. All have equal effect
Answer: C
305. Oncotic pressure is contributed by?
A. Sodium
B. Chloride
C. Chloride
D. Albumin
Answer: D
306. Most recent taste sensation is?
A. Sweet
B. Sour
C. Bitter
D. Umami
Answer: D
307. Motor evoked potential assess ?
A. Peripheral motor pathways
B. Central motor pathways
C. Both of the above
D. Regeneration in muscles
Answer: B
308. First to occur after a sharp nerve cut ?
A. Chromatolysis
B. Polymorphic arrangement
C. Increased protein synthesis
D. Macrophage activation
Answer: A
309. Which of the following is false about peripheral nerve injury?
A. Neuropraxia is irreversible
B. Epineurium is intact in axonotmesis
C. Neurotmesis is the most severe form of injury
D. Wellerian generation starts in axonotmesis
Answer: A
310. Blood testis barrier in testis is formed by?
A. Sertoli cells
B. Leydig cells
C. Granulosa cells
D. None
Answer: A
311. In electromyography [EMG] transient response at the time of insertion of eloctrode indicates ?
A. Spontoneous muscle activity
B. Voluntary muscle activity
C. Induced muscle activity
D. Cell membrane damage
Answer: D
312. Caisson’s disease is associated with?
A. Rapid descend in aircraft
B. Rapid descend of deep sea divers
C. Underwater construction workers
D. All of the above
Answer: C
313. True about visual cycle cascade ?
A. Associated with conformational change in opsin
B. Light causes isomerization of all-trans-retinol to 11 Cis-retinol
C. Retinol [alcohol] is involved
D. All are true
Answer: A
314. True about smooth muscle contraction ?
A. Troponin plays an important role
B. Calmodulin has no role
C. Phosphorylation of myosin
D. All of the above
Answer: C
315. Increase in Duration of expiration is due to?
A. J-reflex
B. Head’s paradoxical reflex
C. Hering-Breure reflex
D. Proprioceptors
Answer: C
316. If HbAl C is 8%, What will be the value of blood glucose [mg/d1] ?
A. 100
B. 150
C. 200
D. 300
Answer: C
317. Respiratery quotient is the Ratio of
A. CO2 consumed to 02 released
B. 02 released to CO2 consumed
C. Co, released to 02 consumed
D. 02 consumed to Co, released
Answer: C
318. Wallerian degeneration is for ?
A. Nerve degeneration
B. Muscle degeneration
C. Nerve regeneration
D. Muscle regeneration
Answer: A
319. Size of platelets is ?
A. 1 A°
B. 2 A°
C. 1µm
D. 2µm
Answer: D
320. Glucagon activates which enzyme ?
A. Pepsinogen
B. Trypsinogen
C. Adenylyl cyclase
D. None
Answer: C
321. Inhibition of heart by vagus by M2 receptors is medicated by which mechanism?
A. cAMP
B. Cat’
C. DAG
D. None
Answer: A
322. Inhibition of heart by vagus is mediated by which receptors
A. M1
B. M2
C. NN
D. NM2
Answer: B
323. Penile erection is mediated by?
A. Parasympathetic system via muscarinic receptors
B. Parasympathetic system via nicotinic receptors
C. Sympathetic system via a-receptors
D. Sympathetic system via (3-receptors
Answer: A
324. Withdrawal reflex is also known as ?
A. Extension reflex
B. Stretch reflex
C. Golgitendon reflex
D. Flexor reflex
Answer: D
325. Tetany in muscle occurs in spite of normal serum Ca” level. Which ion is responsible ?
A. Mg2+
B. Ca2+
C. K+
D. Na+
Answer: B
326. Unspecified pain pathway is for?
A. Neuropathic pain
B. Trauma
C. Visceral pain
D. Psychogenic pain
Answer: D
327. Pain is carried by which nerve fibers?
A. Act, A13
B. Act, Ay
C. AS, C
D. Ay, C
Answer: A:C
328. Action potential generates at fastest rate in?
A. SA node
B. AV node
C. Bondle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
Answer: A
329. Vibration sense is detected by which type of receptor?
A. Merkel’s disc
B. Ruffini’s end organ
C. Paccinian corpuscle
D. Meissner’s corpuscle
Answer: C
330. Vibration sense is detected by ?
A. Nociceptors
B. Deep receptors
C. Superficial receptors
D. None of the above
Answer: D
331. Vibrations are detected by which types of receptors?
A. Slowly adapting
B. Rapidly adapting
C. Non-adapting
D. None of the above
Answer: B
332. Which of the following receptor is stimulated by sustained pressure?
A. Ruffini’s end organ
B. Merkel’s disc
C. Hair cells
D. Meissner Corpuscles
Answer: A
333. Most important intracellular buffer ?
A. Bicarbonate
B. Albumin
C. Phosphate
D. Ammonia
Answer: C
334. Iron is conserved by?
A. Hemopexin
B. Hepicidin
C. Hemomedins
D. None
Answer: A
335. Acrosome reaction is seen in?
A. Spermatogenesis
B. Oogenesis
C. Fertilization
D. Mensturation
Answer: C
336. Not a content of sperm ?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosome
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: D
337. Broadman’s area for motor speech?
A. Area 1,2,3
B. Area 4,6
C. Area 28,29
D. Area 44
Answer: D
338. Insulin mediated transport of glucose is ?
A. Seen in adipose tissue
B. Via GLUT-2
C. Main Mechanism in RBCs
D. All are true
Answer: A
339. Relationship between insulin and glucose concentration?
A. Linear
B. Hyperbola
C. Sigmoidal
D. Bell Shaped
Answer: C
340. Maximum density of muscle spindle is found in ?
A. Calf muscle
B. Lumbricals
C. Quadrieps muscle
D. Triceps
Answer: B
341. 3 – subumit of insulin receptor binds to ?
A. Guanylyl cyclase
B. Adenylyl cyclase
C. IP3-DAG
D. Tyrosine kinase
Answer: D
342. Function of epinephrine and norepinephrine in Fightor-Flight response is ?
A. Increased blood flow to skin
B. Increased blood flow to muscles
C. Bronchoconstriction
D. Bradycardia
Answer: B
343. Ionotropic effect of thyroid hormone is by ?
A. Membrane receptors
B. cAMP
C. Potentiation of Catecholamines
D. cGMP
Answer: C
344. Hormone responsible for galactopoiesis ?
A. Growth hormone
B. Insulin
C. Oxytocin
D. Prolactin
Answer: D
345. All are about adiponectin except ?
A. Secreted by adipose tissue
B. Lowers glucose
C. Increases FFA oxidation
D. Positive Correlation with BMI
Answer: D
346. Somatomedin – C deficiency causes?
A. Achondroplasia
B. Cretinism
C. Growth retardation
D. Juvenile DM
Answer: C
347. How is folic acid absorbed in proximal jejunum?
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Passive transport
D. Both active & passive transport
Answer: D
348. EPSP is due to ?
A. K’ influx
B. Na* efflux
C. Na* influx
D. Ca** influx
Answer: C
349. Vitamin D absorption is decreased by ?
A. Proteins
B. Acid
C. Lactose
D. Fat malabsorption
Answer: D
350. Calcium absorption is hampered by
A. Protein
B. Lactose
C. Acid
D. Phytates
Answer: D
351. Absorption of calcium ion is affected mostly by ?
A. Calcitriol
B. Parathormone
C. Glucocorticoids
D. ACTH
Answer: A
352. Secretion of bile out of hepactocytes occurs via?
A. Passive diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Active transport
Answer: D
353. Suppressor Strip on anterior edge of precentral gyrus has following function ?
A. Increase extensor tone
B. Pain perception
C. Inhibition of stretch reflex
D. Voluntary movement
Answer: C
354. Example of exopeptidase is ?
A. Trypsin
B. Chymotrypsin
C. Elastase
D. Carboxy peptidases
Answer: D
355. Doll’s eye reflex is used in?
A. Hemiplegic
B. Paraplegic
C. Unconscious patient
D. Cerebral palsy
Answer: C
356. Function of myenteric plexus is to regulate ?
A. GI secretion
B. Local blood flow
C. Motility
D. All of the above
Answer: C
357. Inner plexus in GIT is ?
A. Mucosal plexus
B. Submucosal plexus
C. Auerbach’s plexus
D. Myenteric plexus
Answer: B
358. Receptive area of stomach?
A. Antrum
B. Pylorus
C. Body
D. Fundus
Answer: D
359.Part of sympathetic system which secrete chemical transmitter?
A. Cardiac ganglion
B. Cervical sympathetic chain
C. Adrenal medulla
D. Thoracic sympathetic chain
Answer: C
360. Increased aldosterone and ADH secretion following major trauma results in all the following except ?
A. Decreased Na+ excretion is urine
B. Increased K’ excretion in urine
C. Increased osmolarity of urine
D. Increased water excretion
Answer: D
361. Normal Uninary pH is ?
A. 5.0 – 6.0
B. 6.5 – 7.0
C. 8.5 – 9.0
D. None
Answer: B
362. Which of the following has direct innervation from sympathetic system but no parasympathetic supply?
A. Heart
B. Intestine
C. Skin
D. None
Answer: C
363. A Substance has clearance same as inulin clearance, the Substance is mainly excreted in urine by ?
A. Tubular Secretion
B. Glomerular filtration
C. Both a & b
D. Vascular leakage
Answer: B
364. Neuropraxia is ?
A. Damage to axon
B. Damage to endoneurium
C. Damage to epineurium
D. No Structural damage
Answer: D
365. Mechanism of secretion of ammonia in distal tubule is?
A. Primary active transport
B. Symport
C. Antiport
D. Passive diffusion
Answer: D
366. RMP in smooth muscles?
A. -90 mV
B. -70 mV
C. -150 mV
D. – 40 mV
Answer: D
367. Mesangial cell contraction is done by?
A. cAMP
B. Dopamine
C. PAF
D. ANP
Answer: C
368. Glomerulotubular feedback is for regulation of?
A. BP
B. Blood volume
C. Na+ reabsorption
D. Renal blood flow
Answer: C
369. Halden Effect is ?
A. CO2 delivery by increased 02
B. 02 delivery by increased CO2
C. CO2 delivery by increased CO2
D. 0, delivery by increased CO
Answer: A
370. Tubuloglomerular feedback is for regulation of?
A. BP
B. Blood volume
C. Na+ reabsorption
D. GFR
Answer: D
371. GFR measurement help in determining ?
A. Heart rate
B. Recovery from shock
C. Stage of kidney disease
D. Blood volume
Answer: C
372. Glomerular filteration of a substance depends upon?
A. Lipid solubility of substance
B. Binding capacity to albumin
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above
Answer: B
373. Total surface area of respiratory membrane ?
A. 25 cm’
B. 50 cm’
C. 25 m2
D. 100 m2
Answer: D
374. True about Coronary circulation ?
A. 250 ml/min
B. Major flow during systole
C. Unifrom flow during full cardiac cycle
D. All of the about
Answer: A
375. Damage to pnemotaxic center along with vagus nerve causes which type of respiration?
A. Chyne stoke breathing
B. Deep and slow
C. Shallow and rapid
D. Inspiratory Spasm
Answer: D
376. True about Bezold-Jarish reflex?
A. Hypertension
B. Tachycardia
C. Hyperpnea
D. Hypotension
Answer: D
377. Normal transpulmonary pressure during quiet breathing?
A. + 8 to +5 cm H20
B. – 8 to – 5 cm H20
C. 0 to + 1 cm H20
D. 0 to -1 cm H20
Answer: A
378. Position of stretch receptors in left atrium?
A. AV septum
B. Interatrial septum
C. Entrance of pulmonary vein
D. None of the above
Answer: C
379. Organ with dual blood supply?
A. Heart
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Lung
Answer: B😀
380. Blood pressure is dependant on?
A. Cardiac output
B. Heart rate
C. Stroke volume
D. All of the above
Answer: D
381. Oxygen saturation of venous blood is ?
A. 30%
B. 50%
C. 70%
D. 90%
Answer: C
382. Isocapenic buffering is ?
A. Increcased pCO2 with increased CO2
B. Increcased pCO2 with decreased CO,
C. Normal pCO, with increased CO2
D. None of the above
Answer: C
383. After load is decreased by ?
A. Exercise
B. Anemia
C. Thyrotoxicosis
D. All of the above
Answer: D
384. Vital capacity is measured by ?
A. Plethysmography
B. Gas-dilution methed
C. Nitrogen washout technique
D. Spirometer
Answer: D
385. Baroreeaptors are located in ?
A. Tunica media
B. Tunica intima
C. Tunica adventitia
D. None
Answer: C
386. ST Segment of ECG Corresponds to which phase of action potential ?
A. Rapid depolarixation
B. Rapid repolarization
C. Find repolarization
D. Plateu Phase
Answer: D
387. In patients with emphysematous bullae, total lung volume is best determined by?
A. Spirometry
B. Helium dilution method
C. Plathysmography
D. Any of the above
Answer: B
388. ST Segment of ECG corresponds to which phase of action potential ?
A. Phase 0
B. Phase I
C. Phase II
D. Phase III
Answer: C
389. All are true about compliance of lung except ?
A. Change in Volume per unit change in pressure
B. Total Compliance is 0.2 L/cm
C. A measure of distensibility
D. Decreased in emphysema
Answer: D
390. ST Segment of ECG Corresponds to ?
A. Ventricular depolarization
B. Ventricular repolarization
C. Atrial depolarization
D. AV Conduction
Answer: D
391. In relaxation pressure curve, in chronic smokers at Zero relaxation pressure ?
A. Lung volume increases
B. Lung volume decreases
C. No change in lung volume
D. Any of the above
Answer: A
392. Cerebral blood flow is increased by ?
A. Increase in P02
B. Increase in PCO2
C. Decrease metabolic rate
D. All of the above
Answer: A
393. Which of the following parameter Indicates elimination of CO2 from lung ?
A. Pa02
B. pH
C. PaCO2
D. HCO, level
Answer: C
394. In zero gravity V/Q ratio is ?
A. 0.8
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
Answer: B
395. Action Potential in cardiac muscles has how many phases?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Answer: D
396. Role of ion channels on vascular endothelium is ?
A. Ca+ influx
B. K+ efflux
C. Na+ influx
D. Cl- effux
Answer: D
397.Aortic valve closure occurs in which part of cardiac cycle?
A. Beginning of isovolumetric contraction
B. Beginning of ventricular ejection
C. Beginning of isovolumetric relaxation
D. During rapid ventricular filling
Answer: B
398. Normal02 extraction ratio of tissues ?
A. 5%
B. 15%
C. 25%
D. 40%
Answer: C
399. Poiseuille’s equation states that?
A. Blood flow is directly proportion to 2nd power of radius
B. Blood flow is directly proportiom to 4th power of radius
C. Blood flow is inversely proportion to 2nd power of radius
D. Blood flow is inversely proportion to 4th power of radius
Answer: D
400. Guardian angel against obesity name given to?
A. Adiponectin
B. Fibronectin
C. HDL
D. Insulin
Answer: A
401. What is the minimum fluid urine output for neutral solute balance?
A. 300 ml
B. 400 ml
C. 500 ml
D. 750 ml
Answer: C
402. True about breathing are all except ?
A. Normal breathing occurs when transpulmonary pressure is 8-5 cm H,0
B. Compliance depends only on surfactant
C. Expiration during quite breathing is passive
D. Inspiration is an active process
Answer: B
403. Normal vital capacity in an adult is
A. 1200 ml
B. 2500 ml
C. 3000 ml
D. 4700 ml
Answer: D
404. Boyle’s Law states that ?
A. P/T = constant
B. PV = constant
C. PV = nRT
D. V/T = constant
Answer: B
405. Air remaining in lung after normal expiration ?
A. TV
B. RV
C. FRC
D. VC
Answer: C
406. Maximum voluntary ventilation is
A. 25 L/min
B. 50 L/min
C. 100 L/min
D. 150 L/min
Answer: D
407. Physiological dead space is calculated by ?
A. Boyle’s law
B. Dalton’s law
C. Bohr equation
D. Charle’s law
Answer: C
408. BP is less than 40 mm Hg. Which mechanism of regulation is working ?
A. Chemoreceptor reflex
B. Baroreceptor reflex
C. CNS ischemic reflex
D. None of the above
Answer: C
409. Deoxygenated blood is not seen in ?
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Pulmonary vein
C. Right atrium
D. Umbilical artery
Answer: C
410. Slowest blood flow is seen in ?
A. Arteriole
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
Answer: C
411. In healthy person, arterial baroreceptor activity is seen at what stag of cardiac systole ?
A. Systole
B. Diastole
C. Both
D. None
Answer: A
412. SI unit of pressure is ?
A. mmHg
B. cmHg
C. Pascal
D. Torr
Answer: C
413. Healthy adult cardiac reserve is ?
A. 50 – 100 %
B. 100 – 200 %
C. 200 – 250 %
D. 300 – 400 %
Answer: D
414. Critical closing pressure is ?
A. Arterial pressure minus venous pressure
B. Capillary pressure minus venous pressure
C. Pressure below which capillaries close
D. None of the above
Answer: C
415. All are true about baroreceptors, expect ?
A. Stimulated when BP decreases
B. Afferents are through sino-aortic nerves
C. Stimulation causes increased vagal discharge
D. Stimulate nucleus ambiguous
Answer: A
416. Normal velocity of blood is ?
A. 40-50 cm/sec
B. 100-150 cm/sec
C. 200-250 cm/sec
D. 250-300 cm/sec
Answer: A
417. Duration of maximum contraction depends upon?
A. Absolute refractive period
B. Relative refractive period
C. Both
D. None of the two
Answer: B
418. Stretch impulse is carried by?
A. Ia
B. lb
C. B
D. C
Answer: A
419. Less mitochondria are seen in
A. Red fibers
B. Type I fibers
C. White fibers
D. Slow fibers
Answer: C
420. All are true about red muscle fibers except ?
A. More mitochondria
B. Glycolytic metabolism
C. More myoglobin
D. More oxidative capacity
Answer: B
421. Integration center of tonic labyrinthine reflex is?
A. Spinal cord
B. Medulla
C. Midbrain
D. Cerebral cortex
Answer: B
422. Higher center for righting reflex?
A. Pons
B. Spinal cord
C. Cortex
D. Midbrain
Answer: D
423. Righting reflex is a ?
A. Strech reflex
B. Postural reflex
C. Spinal reflex
D. Ocular reflex
Answer: B
424. Joint position & vibration sense is carried by?
A. Act
B. A(3)
C. AY
D. B
Answer: A
425. Tonic neck reflex disappears at what age ?
A. 1 month
B. 2 months
C. 3 months
D. 6 months
Answer: D
426. Significance of absence of loss of asymmetric tonic neck reflex in 9 months ?
A. Decreased muscle tone
B. Increased muscle tone
C. Normal phenomenon
D. None of the above
Answer: B
427. Cerebellar damage causes all except ?
A. Dysmetria
B. Hypertonia
C. Ataxia
D. Past-pointing
Answer: B
428. Which receptor get stimulated in moderate cold?
A. CMR-1
B. VR1
C. VRL-1
D. VR2
Answer: A
429. Post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers are
A. A a
B. A (3
C. A 7
D. C
Answer: D
430. Group B nerve fibers are ?
A. Sympathetic preganglionic
B. Sympathetic postganglionic
C. Parasympathetic preganglionic
D. Parasympathetic post ganglionic
Answer: A
431. Pain receptors are ?
A. Meissners corpuscle
B. Pacinian corpuscle
C. Free nerve endings
D. Merkel disc
Answer: C
432. Spinal pathway mainly regulating fine motor activity ?
A. Anterior corticospinal tract
B. Rubrospinal tract
C. Vestibulospinal tract
D. Reticulospinal tract
Answer: B
433. What is seen in withdrawal reflex ?
A. Extension
B. Flexion
C. Extension followed by flexion
D. None of the above
Answer: B
Ans. B. Flexion
434. Which of the following has same concentration in CSF and plasma ?
A. Ca”
B. HCO3
C. Glucose
D. Cl?
Answer: B
435. Sweating is mediated by ?
A. Norepinephrine
B. Epinephrine
C. Acetylcholine
D. Histamine
Answer: C
436. Which thalamic nuclei can produce basal ganglia symptoms ?
A. Lateral dorsal
B. Pulvinar
C. Ventral anterior
D. Intralaminar
Answer: C
437. Which of the following is a cerebellar nucleus ?
A. Caudate nucleus
B. Subthalamic nucleus
C. Fastigial nucleus
D. Pautamen
Answer: C
438. Salivation of dog when food is given along with bell is?
A. Conditioned reflex
B. Reinforcement
C. Habituation
D. Innate reflex
Answer: A
439. Precentral gyrus & corticospinal tract are essential for?
A. Vision
B. Olfaction
C. Auditory
D. Voluntary movement
Answer: D
440. Number of cones in Retina ?
A. 3-5 millions
B. 10-20 millions
C. 25-50 millions
D. 50-100 millions
Answer: A
441. Cell bodies of orexigenic neurons are present in ?
A. Dorsal raphae
B. Locus coerulus
C. Lateral hypothalamic area
D. Hippocampus
Answer: C
442. Which of the following does not have sympathetic noradrenergic fibers ?
A. Blood vessels
B. Sweat gland
C. Heart
D. Eye
Answer: B
443. All should be features of a substance to measure GFR, except ?
A. Freely reabsorbed
B. Freely feltered across glomerulus membrane
C. Not secreted by kidney
D. None
Answer: A
444. Renal blood flow is ?
A. 1-1.5 L/min
B. 1.5-2 L/min
C. 2-2-5 L/min
D. 2.5-3 L/min
Answer: A
445. Best measure for GFR ?
A. Serum creatinine
B. Urine output
C. BUN
D. PAN
Answer: A
446. Normal renal threshold for glucose is at plasma glucose level ?
A. 100 mg/dl
B. 200 mg/dl
C. 300 mg/dl
D. 400 mg/dl
Answer: B
447. Hyperosmolarity of renal medulla is due to?
A. K
B. Na
C. glucose
D. Cl
Answer: A:B:D
448. Most important extracellular buffer ?
A. Phosphate
B. Plasma proteins
C. Ammonia
D. Bicarbonates
Answer: D
449. “Delta cells” of stomach secrete ?
A. Cholecystokinin
B. Gastrin-releasing peptide
C. Somatostatin
D. Secretin
Answer: C
450. Sugars are primarily absorbed in ?
A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ileus
D. Ascending colon
Answer: B
451. Trypsinogen is converted to trypsin by?
A. Combination of 2 molecules of trypsinogen
B. Phosphorylation
C. Removal of few amino acids from trypsinogen
D. Addition of alkyl group
Answer: C
452. Which of the following plant components is not fermented by gastrointestinal microorganisms ?
A. Lignin
B. Cellulose
C. Hemicellulose
D. Pectin
Answer: A
453.Lowest pH is seen in which of the gastrointestinal secretion?
A. Gastric juice
B. Bile juice
C. Saliva
D. Pancreatic juice
Answer: A
454. Daily salivary secretion is
A. 250-500 ml
B. 1000-1500 ml
C. 2000-2500 ml
D. 3000 ml
Answer: B
455. Inhibition of myenteric plexus results in
A. Hyperacidity
B. Diarrhea
C. Decreased gut motility
D. Increased secretions
Answer: C
456. Primary hormone for secretion of milk ?
A. Oxytocin
B. Prolactin
C. Glucocorticoids
D. Relaxin
Answer: B
457. Which of the following is not stored in cell
A. Insulin
B. Cortisol
C. Thyroxin
D. Renin
Answer: B
458. Blood tissue barrier in testis is formed by?
A. Basal lamina & interstitial cells
B. Adjacent sertoli cells with basal lamina
C. Basal lamina & spermatogonia
D. Basal lamina & leydig cells
Answer: B
459. LH surge is associated with?
A. Increased estrogen & decreased progesterone
B. Increased estrogen & increased progesterone
C. Decreased estrogen & increased progesterone
D. Decreased estrogen & increased progesterone
Answer: A
460. The interval between ovulation and LH surge is ?
A. 12-24 hours
B. 24-48 hours
C. 48-72 hours
D. 72-96 hours
Answer: B
461. Which hormone increases with age ?
A. GH
B. Prolactin
C. Parathormone
D. Insulin
Answer: C
462. The following is the unit for prolactin level of 20 in blood?
A. mg/ml
B. ng/ml
C. mg/L
D. ng/L
Answer: B
463. Human sperm remains fertile for how many hours in a female genital tract ?
A. 6-8 hrs
B. 12-24 hrs
C. 24-48 hrs
D. 72-96 hrs
Answer: C
464. Deficiency of enzyme aromatase leads to deficiency of which hormone ?
A. Cortisol
B. Estrogen
C. Testosteron
D. Mineral corticoids
Answer: B
465. After first meiotic division, the primary oocyte remains arrested in ?
A. Diplotene stage
B. Pachytene stage
C. Metaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: A
466. All are androgens except ?
A. Testosterone
B. Dihydrotestosterone
C. Androstenedione
D. 17a-hydroxprogesterone
Answer: D
467. Chronic atrophy of adrenal gland will result in which hormone deficiency ?
A. CRH
B. ACTH
C. Cortisol
D. MSH
Answer: C
468. True about thyroid hormone receptor is?
A. Directly binds to TSH
B. Directly binds to TRH
C. Are surface receptors
D. Causes nuclear transcription after binding with T4
Answer: D
469. After injecting testosterone in a hypo androgenic male, which of the following occurs ?
A. Decreased FSH secretion
B. Decreased LH secretion
C. Increased spermatogenesis
D. None of the above
Answer: B
470. Conversion of chondrocyte into osteogenic cells is caused by ?
A. Insulin
B. IGF-1
C. Growth hormone
D. Thyroxine
Answer: B:C
471. In breast lactiferous ducts are formed under the influence of which hormone?
A. Eestrogen
B. Progesterone
C. LH
D. FSH
Answer: A
472. Implantation occurs after how many days of fertilization?
A. 3-5 days
B. 5-7 days
C. 7-9 days
D. > 14 days
Answer: B
473. Spermiogenesis refers to ?
A. Formation of spermatazoa from spermatogonia
B. Formation of spermatazoa from spermatids
C. Formation of spermatids from spermatocytes
D. Formation of secondary spermatocytes from primary
spermatocytes
Answer: B
474. Spermatogenesis takes place in ?
A. Epididymis
B. Seminiferous tubule
C. Ductus deferens
D. Prostate
Answer: B
475. Which of the following action of GH is mediated by IGF-1
A. Lipolysis
B. decreases insulin
C. Antilipolysis
D. Na* retention
Answer: C
476. All of the following stimulate GH release, except
A. Fasting
B. Exercise
C. Free fatty acids
D. Stress
Answer: C
477. Half life of T3 ?
A. 10 hours
B. 1 day
C. 6 days
D. 10 days
Answer: B
478. Not increased in stress ?
A. ADH
B. thyroxine
C. GH
D. None
Answer: D
479. Plasma volume is measured by ?
A. Inulin
B. Evans blue
C. Mannitol
D. D20
Answer: B
480. Most common type of calcium channels of skeletal muscles are ?
A. T type
B. L type
C. R type
D. N type
Answer: B
481. What is the effect of moderate exercise on cerebral blood flow
A. Does not change
B. Increases
C. Decreases
D. Initially decreases then increases
Answer: A
482. ‘Patch-clamp’ is used for ?
A. To record facilitated diffusion
B. To record flow in voltage gated channel
C. To record osmotic pressure around semipermeable membrane
D. To record RMP
Answer: B
483. Gap junctions?
A. Are absent in cardiac muscles
B. Are absent in smooth muscles
C. Are present in cardiac muscles to transmit impulse from one to another myocyte
D. Are present in cardiac muscles but no role
Answer: C
484. Carbonic anhydrase activity found in all except?
A. Brain
B. Kidney
C. RBC
D. Plasma
Answer: D
485. Half life of Prealbumin is ?
A. 2 days
B. 10 days
C. 20 days
D. 40 days
Answer: A
486. Calmodulin activates ?
A. Muscle phosphorylase
B. Protein kinase
C. 2, 3 DPG
D. Glucokinase
Answer: A
487. During starvation, which level increases ?
A. Leptin
B. MSH
C. Grhelin
D. Insulin
Answer: C
488. Mechanism of action of cholecystokinin ?
A. Activation of adenylyl cyclase
B. Opening of ion channels
C. Through IP3- DAG system
D. Transcription facters
Answer: C
489. Which hormone acts on JAK-STAT kinase receptor ?
A. TSH
B. Thyroxine
C. GH
D. FSH
Answer: C
490. Thyroid hormone binds to which receptor ?
A. Membrane
B. Cytoplasmic
C. Nuclear
D. None
Answer: C
491. Normal range of serum osmolality is (mOsm/Kg) ?
A. 280 – 300
B. 250 – 270
C. 300 – 320
D. 210 – 230
Answer: A
492. The following is the action of melatonin?
A. Facilitates ACTH secretion
B. Prevents sleep induction
C. Regulates the circadian day night rhythm
D. Release of TSH
Answer: C
493. Na+ -K+-C1- cotransporter contains ?
A. 5 transmembrane spanning domain
B. 7 transmembrane spanning domain
C. 9 transmembrane spanning domain
D. 12 transmembrane spanning domain
Answer: D
494. Von wilebrand factor is synthesized by all except?
A. Endothelial cells
B. Megakaryoctyes
C. Hepatocytes
D. None
Answer: C
495. Females have low RBC count compared to males due to ?
A. Low erythropoietin
B. Menstural blood loss
C. High estrogen
D. Low stem cells
Answer: B
496. ATPase activity is present in
A. Actin
B. Myosin
C. Troponin
D. None
Answer: B
497. Normal ferritin level in adult male ?
A. 5-10 ng/ml
B. 100-200 ng/ml
C. 500-700 ng/ml
D. 800-900 ng/ml
Answer: B
498. Daily water loss in sweat during normal activities ?
A. 50 – 100 ml
B. 200 – 400 ml
C. 500 – 700 ml
D. 1000 – 1200 ml
Answer: A
499. Ionic receptors are all except ?
A. NMDA
B. Kainate
C. mGluR
D. AMPA
Answer: C
500. Difference in the amount of 02 inspired and CO2 expired ?
A. 20 ml/min
B. 50 ml/min
C. 75 ml/min
D. 100 ml/min
Answer: B
501. Venous blood with high hematocrit is seen in ?
A. RBC high chloride
B. Plasma high Na
C. Plasma high HCO3
D. RBC high K
Answer: A
502. Daily pancreatic secretion ?
A. 1.5 L
B. 2.5 L
C. 5.0 L
D. 10 L
Answer: A
503. Microcirculation consists of ?
A. Capillaries
B. Capillaries venules and arterioles
C. Aorta
D. Arteries and veins
Answer: B
504. Gas exchange in tissues takes place at ?
A. Artery
B. Capillary
C. Vein
D. Venules
Answer: B
505. Duration of 2″ heart sound is ?
A. 0.15sec
B. 0.12 sec
C. 0.08 sec
D. 0.1 sec
Answer: B
506. Einthovens law
A. I + III = II
B. I – III = II
C. I + II + III = 0
D. I + III = avL
Answer: A
507. Vasoconstriction in skin ?
A. Sympathetic
B. Parasympathetic
C. Wheal and flare
D. Warm climate
Answer: A
508. Normal interstitial pressure is ?
A. 10 to 15 mmHg
B. -5 to 0 mmHg
C. 20 to 30 mmHg
D. -10 to -20 mmHg
Answer: B
509. Striatum damage affects primarily ?
A. Procedural memory
B. Short term memory
C. Long term memory
D. Explicit memory
Answer: A
510. Somatosensory cortex lesion will cause ?
A. Pain
B. Temperature
C. Localization
D. Vibration
Answer: C
511. Setting posture before planned movement ?
A. Premotor cortex
B. Motor cortex
C. Frontal
D. Supplementary motor cortex
Answer: A
512. Neurons in sympathetic ganglia are ?
A. Unipolar
B. Bipolar
C. Pseudounipolar
D. Multipolar
Answer: D
513. Pt. is able to recognise person by name but not by face. Lesion is in ?
A. Post parietal region
B. Occipital
C. Frontal lobe
D. Temporal lobe
Answer: D
514. CSF/plasma glucose ratio is ?
A. 0.2 – 0.4
B. 0.6 – 0.8
C. 1.2 – 1.6
D. 1.6 – 2.2
Answer: D
515. Burning pain is carried by which type of fibres ?
A. A alpha
B. A delta
C. A beta
D. C
Answer: D
516. A man slept with head over forearm, next morning he complains of tingling, numbness over forearm. It is caused by ?
A. Sensitivity to hypoxia is A>B>C
B. Sensitivity to pressure is A>B>C
C. Sensitivity to hypoxia is C>B>A
D. Sensitivity to pressure is B>A>C
Answer: C
517. Lesion of preoptic nucleus of hypothalamus causes?
A. Hyperphagia
B. Hyperdypsia
C. Hyperthermia
D. Hyperglycemia
Answer: C
518. The distance by which two touch stimuli must be separated to be perceived as two separate stimuli is greatest at ?
A. The lips
B. The palm of the hand
C. The back of scapula
D. The dorsum of the hand
Answer: C
519. Purkinje fibres are inhibitory for ?
A. Deep cerebellar nuclei
B. Climbing fibre
C. Basket cells
D. Spinocerebellar tracts
Answer: A
520. Neurotransmitter involved in nigrostriatal pathway is?
A. Serotonin
B. Dopamine
C. Cholinergic
D. Adrenergic
Answer: B
521. Loss of proprioception & fine touch ?
A. Anterior spinothalamic tract
B. Lateral spinothalamic tract
C. Dorsal column
D. Corticospinal tract
Answer: C
522. True about spinocerebellar tract is?
A. Equilibrium
B. Smoothens and coordinates movement
C. Learning induced by change in vestibulo ocular reflex
D. Planning and programming
Answer: B
523. Salty tase is due to?
A. Ca+2channels
B. Na+ channels
C. G-protein
D. H+ channels
Answer: B
524. Epinephrine reduces insulin by ?
A. Alpha action predominantly
B. Beta action predominantly
C. Alpha and beta
D. Muscarinic receptors
Answer: A
525. Adrenaline effects insulin by?
A. Stimulation of alpha cells
B. Stimulation of beta cells
C. Stimulation of delta cells
D. Stimulation of g cells
Answer: B
526. Motor march is seen in ?
A. Axontemesis
B. Neurotemesis
C. Neuropraxia
D. Nerve regeneration
Answer: A
527. When the tension in a muscle fibre is maximum, its length is called as ?
A. Equilibrium length
B. Optimum length
C. Initial length
D. None
Answer: B
528. Tetanic contraction is due to accumulation of ?
A. Na+
B. Ca+
C. K+
D. Cl?
Answer: B
529. During acclimitisation, decreased sweating is due to down regulation of ?
A. Epinephrine receptors
B. Norepinephrine receptors
C. Acetylcholine receptors
D. Dopamine receptors
Answer: C
530. Substance that is completely reabsorbed from the kidney?
A. Na+
B. K+
C. Urea
D. Glucose
Answer: D
531. Substrate which is both secreted & filtered ?
A. Uric Acid
B. Glucose
C. Urea
D. Na+
Answer: A
532. ANP acts at which site ?
A. Glomerulus
B. Loop of Henle
C. PCT
D. Collecting duct
Answer: D
533. As fluid comes down the PCT, what is true ?
A. Concentration of urea falls
B. Concentration of HCO3- falls
C. Concentration of Na’ increases
D. Concentration of inulin decreases
Answer: D
534. Which of the following is most important in sodium and water retention ?
A. Rennin angiotensin system
B. ANP
C. BNP
D. Vasopressin
Answer: D
535. Cephalic phase of gastric secretion ?
A. 20%
B. 70 %
C. 10%
D. 100%
Answer: A
536. Cephalic phase of gastric secretion ?
A. On food entering stomach
B. On food entering intestine
C. On seeing food
D. On stress
Answer: C
537. Motilin secretion decreased in ?
A. Thirsty
B. Starving
C. Ingested meal
D. Interdigestive state
Answer: C
538. Which is maximally absorbed from GIT ?
A. Pentose
B. Hexose
C. Diasaccharide
D. Polysaccharide
Answer: B
539. Pancreatic lipase hydrolyses ester linkage of triacid glycerides at position?
A. 1 & 2
B. 1 & 3
C. 2 & 3
D. Only 3
Answer: B
540. Gastric secretions are essential for absorption of
A. Cobalmin
B. Fat
C. Thiamine
D. Folic acid
Answer: A
541. Effect of aceytylcholine on LES ?
A. Contraction
B. Relaxation
C. No effect
D. Contraction followed by relaxation
Answer: A
542. Ptylin is secreted by ?
A. Gastric gland
B. Salivary gland
C. Duodenal gland
D. Pancreatic gland
Answer: B
543. PGs in semen are secreted by ?
A. Prostate
B. Seminal vesicle
C. Sperms
D. Testes
Answer: B
544. 17 OH steroid ?
A. Androgen
B. Progesterone
C. Estrogen
D. None
Answer: B
545. GLUT2 is present mainly in ?
A. Beta cells of pancreas
B. Placenta
C. Skeletal muscle
D. Cardiac muscle
Answer: A
546. Glucose transporter involved in insulin stimulated glucose transport is GLUT ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer: D
547. Insulin is essential for glucose entry in?
A. Muscle
B. Cortical neurons
C. Renal tubular cells
D. Beta cells of pancreas
Answer: A
548. Wolff–Chaikoff effect is due to?
A. Suppression of TSH secretion
B. Decreased iodination of MIT
C. Decreased T3 to T4 conversion
D. Iodine intake
Answer: D
549. Major adrenal androgen is ?
A. Testosterone
B. 11-hydroxy derivative of androstenedione
C. 17-ketosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone
D. Cortisol
Answer: C
550. Diurnal variation of ACTH depends on ?
A. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
B. Supraoptic nucleus
C. Ventrolateral nucleus
D. Thalamus
Answer: A
551. Hypothalamus increases release of all hormones from the pituitary except ?
A. TSH
B. FSH
C. CRH
D. Prolactin
Answer: D
552. 1st response to hypoglycemia ?
A. Decreased insulin
B. Increased glucagon
C. Increased cortisol
D. Increased nor epinephrine
Answer: A
553. Velocity of human sperm A. 1-3 mm/min
B. 4-6 mm/min
C. 6-9 mm/min
D. 10-13 mm/min
Answer: A
554. Acidophils secrete
A. GH
B. TSH
C. ACTH
D. FSH
Answer: A
555. Vasopressin is secreted by
A. Supraoptic
B. Preoptic
C. Paraventricular
D. Posterior nucleus
Answer: A
556. Growth hormone level decreased in
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Fasting
C. Sleep
D. Exercise
Answer: C
557. Pituicytes are seen in ?
A. Anterior lobe
B. Posterior lobe
C. Intermediate lobe
D. All
Answer: B
558. Size of sperm ?
A. 100 microns
B. 65nm
C. 100 nm
D. 65 microns
Answer: D
559. cAMP action mediates all except ?
A. Glucagon
B. Follicle stimulating hormone
C. Leutinizing hormone
D. Estrogen
Answer: D
560. In Thyroid follicle for how long Thyroxine
is stored?
A. 2-3 weeks
B. 2-3 days
C. 2-3 months
D. 2-3 years
Answer: C
561. Ghrelin false is ?
A. Produced by stomach cells
B. Increased appetite
C. Is related to regulation of thyroid hormone
D. Stimulates growth
Answer: C
562. Isotope used to measure RBC volume is ?
A. Cr 51
B. H3
C. D20
D. I135
Answer: A
563. Glucose is transported in renal tubular cells by
A. K symport
B. Kantiport
C. Na antiport
D. Na cotransport
Answer: D
564. Water travelling from extracellular to intracellular is by?
A. Co-transport
B. Diffusion
C. Filtration
D. Active transport
Answer: B
565. Osmolarity is defined as ?
A. Number of osmole per litre
B. Number of osmole per kg
C. Weight of solute per litre
D. Weight of solvent per litre
Answer: A
566. Insensible water loss per day is ?
A. 100 ml
B. 300 ml
C. 700 ml
D. 1000 ml
Answer: C
567. Which of the following increases particle diffusion across the cell membrane ?
A. Increasing size of particle
B. Decreasing lipid solubility of substance
C. Increasing lipid solubility of substance
D. Decreasing size of opening in cell membrane
Answer: C
568. Most potent anti oxidant ?
A. Vit A
B. Vit K
C. Vit E
D. Vit C
Answer: C
569. In moderate excercise the respiratory rate is increased due to response of ?
A. Propioception receptor in the joints
B. ↓PCO2 in arterial blood
C. ↓PO2 in arterial blood
D. J-receptor stimulation
Answer: A
570. Myosin filament has a fixed length of
A. 0.16 nm
B. 1.6 micrometers
C. 16 nm
D. l.6 mm
Answer: B
571. Plasma membrane is mainly composed of ?
A. Cholesterol
B. Carbohydrate
C. Phospholipid
D. Protein
Answer: D
572. On weight basis, the membrane contains protein and lipid in the ratio of ?
A. 1 : 2
B. 1 : 1
C. 2 : 1
D. 4 : 1
Answer: B
573. Which receptors are blocked in Myasthenia Gravis?
A. Ach receptors
B. Ca++receptors
C. Na2+ receptors
D. Opioid receptors
Answer: A
574. What is Prosopagnosia?
A. Impairment of consciousness
B. Being unaware of one’s problems
C. Difficulty in identifying known faces
D. Failure to identify objects
Answer: C
575. What is the characteristic pattern seen in Brown sequard syndrome –
A. C/L loss of joint sense and position
B. C/L loss of pain
C. I/L loss of complete sensory functions
D. C/L motor functions
Answer: B
576. Insulin like growth factor is secreted by:
A. Liver
B. Pituitary gland
C. Pancreas
D. Adrenal glands
Answer: A
577. When Va / Q is infinity?
A. Partial pressure of O2 becomes zero
B. No exchange of O2 & CO2
C. Partial pressure of CO2 alone becomes zero
D. Partial pressure both CO2 and O2 remain normal
Answer: B
578. Glucose is absorbed in intestine by?
A. Secondary active transport
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Simple diffusion
D. Primary active transport
Answer: B
579. C wave is seen in
A. Iso -volumetric contraction
B. Slow filling at end of diastole
C. End of systole
D. Start of diastole
Answer: A
580. Components responsible for counter current mechanism in kidney are all except:
A. Sodium outflow in thick ascending limb
B. Water outflow in thin descending limb
C. Sodium outflow in thin ascending limb
D. Flow of tubular fluid from PCT to DCT
Answer: C
581. Alpha waves are seen during?
A. Sleep
B. REM movements
C. Relaxed state
D. Active state
Answer: C
582. In hypovolemic shock there is
A. Afferent arteriolar constriction
B. Efferent arteriolar constriction
C. Increased blood flow to kidney
D. Normal cardiac output
Answer: A
583. Aldosterone synthesis is stimulated by which of the following?
A. ACTH
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Exogenous steroids
Answer: B
584. When the value of V/q is infinity, it means?
A. No O2 goes from alveoli to blood and no co2 goes from blood to alveoli
B. Dead space
C. The PO2 of alveolar air is 159mmHg and PCO2 is 40mmHg
D. Partial pressure of O2 and CO2 are equal
Answer: B
585. Proteoglycan present in the glomerular basement membrane is?
A. Keratan sulphate 1
B. Keratan sulphate 2
C. Heparan sulphate
D. Chondroitin sulphate
Answer: C
586. 35yr old female was watching TV for long hours with hands under her head. She complains of tingling sensation over her arm. Which type of nerve fibers is most likely to be affected?
A. Fibers
B. B – fibers
C. C – Fibers
D. Sympathetic nerve fibers
Answer: A
587. The reflex in which there is inhibition of gastric emptying when there is acid and hypertonic solution in the duodenum?
A. Enterogastric
B. Gastroileal
C. Gastrocolic
D. Myenteric
Answer: A
588. In multiple sclerosis, slow conduction of motor and the sensory pathways is due to?
A. Defect in the node of Ranvier
B. Loss of myelin sheath
C. Leaking of sodium channels
D. Leaking calcium channels
Answer: B
589. Which of the following clotting factor in a patient on Warfarin therapy, would have decreased gamma carboxyglutamate residue?
A. Factor 2
B. Factor 11
C. Tissue factor
D. Factor 5
Answer: A
590. Blood stored in citrate-phosphate-dextrose is better for hypoxic patients than acidic-citrate-dextrose because?
A. It has less P50
B. It is less acidic
C. The fall in 2, 3 DPG is less
D. None of the above
Answer: C
